Levels of plasma Quaking and cyclooxygenase-2 predict in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the important methods for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). In-sent restenosis (ISR) after PCI for patients suffered from CAD is considered to be an essential factor affecting long-term outcomes and prognosis of this disease. This study aims to investigate the correlation between plasma Quaking (QKI) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels and ISR in patients with CAD.@*METHODS@#A total of 218 consecutive CAD patients who underwent coronary angiography and coronary arterial stenting from September 2019 to September 2020 in the Department of Cardiology of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were enrolled in this study, and 35 matched individuals from the physical examination center were served as a control group. After admission, clinical data of these 2 groups were collected. Plasma QKI and COX-2 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Follow-up angiography was performed 12 months after PCI. CAD patients were divided into a NISR group (n=160) and an ISR group (n=58) according to the occurrence of ISR based on the coronary angiography. The clinical data, coronary angiography, and stent features between the NISR group and the ISR group were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing ISR. The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 1 year after operation was recorded. Fifty-eight patients with ISR were divided into an MACE group (n=24) and a non-MACE group (n=34), classified according to the occurrence of MACE, and the plasma levels of QKI and COX-2 were compared between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to analyze the diagnostic value of plamsa levels of QKI and COX-2 for ISR and MACE occurrences in patients after PCI.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, plasma levels of QKI and COX-2 in the CAD group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). Compared with the NISR group, the plasma levels of QKI and COX-2 also decreased obviously in the ISR group (all P<0.001), while the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) significantly increased (all P<0.001). The level of COX-2 was negatively correlated with hs-CRP (r=-0.385, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high level of plasma QKI and COX-2 were protective factors for in-stent restenosis after PCI, while hs-CRP was a risk factor. ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of plasma QKI for evaluating the predictive value of ISR were 77.5% and 66.5%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of plasma COX-2 for evaluating the predictive value of ISR were 80.0% and 70.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma QKI combined with COX-2 for evaluating the predictive value of ISR were 81.3% and 74.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma QKI for evaluating the prognosis of ISR were 75.0% and 64.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma COX-2 for evaluating the prognosis of ISR were 75.0% and 70.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma QKI combined with COX-2 for prognostic evaluation of ISR were 81.7% and 79.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma COX-2 combined with QKI for evaluating ISR and MACE occurrences in patients after PCI were better than those of COX-2 or QKI alone (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High level of plasma QKI and COX-2 might be a protective factor for ISR, which can also predict ISR patient's prognosis.

Gradual treatment of arteriovenous fistula in femoral vessels as a complication of coronary angiography

Abstract Arteriovenous fistula due to coronary angiography intervention is rarely seen. Arteriovenous fistulas may be asymptomatic according to the size of the shunt, as well as to the heart failure. In this case report, we aimed to share gradual transition from endovascular methods to surgery and why surgical treatment is required for a patient who developed arteriovenous fistula after coronary angiography.

Impact of Diltiazem Alone versus Diltiazem with Nitrate on Five-Year Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Significant Coronary Artery Spasm

PURPOSE: Calcium channel blockers diltiazem and nitrate have been used as selective coronary vasodilators for patients with significant coronary artery spasm (CAS). However, no study has compared the efficacy of diltiazem alone versus diltiazem with nitrate for long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2741 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery disease with positive CAS by acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test between November 2004 and May 2014 were enrolled. Significant CAS was defined as a narrowing of >70% by incremental intracoronary injection of 20, 50, and 100 µg of Ach into the left coronary artery. Patients were assigned to either the diltiazem group (n=842) or the dual group (diltiazem with nitrate, n=1899) at physician discretion. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. After PSM analysis, two well-balanced groups (811 pairs, n=1622, C-statistic=0.708) were generated. RESULTS: At 5 years, there were similar incidences in primary endpoints, including mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and recurrent angina requiring repeat coronary angiography between the two groups. Diltiazem alone was not an independent predictor for major adverse cardiovascular events or recurrent angina requiring repeat coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: Despite the expected improvement of endothelial function and the relief of CAS, the combination of diltiazem and nitrate treatment was not superior to diltiazem alone in reducing mortality and cardiovascular events up to 5 years in patients with significant CAS.

Preventive effect of reduced glutathione on contrast-induced nephropathy in elderly patients undergoing coronary angiography or intervention: a randomized, controlled trial

Coronary angiography can be a high-risk condition for the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in elderly patients. Reduced glutathione, under a variety of mechanisms, may prevent CIN in this procedure. We prospectively examined whether hydration with reduced glutathione is superior to hydration alone for prevention of CIN in an elderly Han Chinese population. A total of 505 patients (271 males and 234 females) aged 75 years or older who underwent non-emergency coronary angiography or an intervention were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group received hydration with reduced glutathione (n=262) and the control group received hydration alone (n=243). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured prior to coronary angiography and 48 h after this procedure. The primary endpoint was occurrence of CIN, which was defined as 25% or 44.2 µmol/L above baseline serum creatinine levels 48 h after the procedure. The overall incidence of CIN was 6.49% in the treatment group and 7.41% in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.68). In subgroup analysis by percutaneous coronary intervention, no significant differences were found between the two groups. In summary, reduced glutathione added to optimal hydration does not further decrease the risk of CIN in elderly patients undergoing coronary angiography or an intervention.

A Comparison of Radiation Dose Between Standard and 3D Angiography in Congenital Heart Disease / Comparação das Doses de Radiação entre Angiografias Padrão e 3D em Cardiopatias Congênitas

Background: The use of three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) to assess patients with congenital heart diseases appears to be a promising technique despite the scarce literature available. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe our initial experience with 3D-RA and to compare its radiation dose to that of standard two-dimensional angiography (2D-SA). Methods: Between September 2011 and April 2012, 18 patients underwent simultaneous 3D-RA and 2D-SA during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Radiation dose was assessed using the dose-area-product (DAP). Results: The median patient age and weight were 12.5 years and 47.5 Kg, respectively. The median DAP of each 3D-RA acquisition was 1093µGy.m2 and 190µGy.m2 for each 2D-SA acquisition (p<0.01). In patients weighing more than 45Kg (n=7), this difference was attenuated but still significant (1525 µGy.m2 vs.413µGy.m2, p=0.01). No difference was found between one 3D-RA and three 2D-SA (1525µGy.m2 vs.1238 µGy.m2, p = 0.575) in this population. This difference was significantly higher in patients weighing less than 45Kg (n=9) (713µGy.m2 vs.81µGy.m2, P = 0.008), even when comparing one 3D-RA with three 2D-SA (242µGy.m2, respectively, p<0.008). 3D-RA was extremely useful for the assessment of conduits of univentricular hearts, tortuous branches of the pulmonary artery, and aorta relative to 2D-SA acquisitions. Conclusions: The radiation dose of 3D-RA used in our institution was higher than those previously reported in the literature and this difference was more evident in children. This type of assessment is of paramount importance when starting to perform 3D-RA. .

Fundamento: O uso da angiografia rotacional tridimensional (AR-3D) na avaliação de pacientes portadores de cardiopatia congênita parece ser promissor, apesar de haver pouca literatura disponível. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever nossa experiência inicial com AR-3D, comparando sua dose de radiação com a da angiografia padrão bidimensional (AP-2D). Métodos: Entre setembro de 2011 e abril de 2012, 18 pacientes foram submetidos simultaneamente a AR-3D e AP-2D durante cateterização cardíaca diagnóstica. A dose de radiação foi avaliada através do produto dose-área (DAP). Resultados: A mediana de idade e de peso dos pacientes foi de, respectivamente, 12,5 anos e 47,5 kg. O DAP mediano de cada aquisição em AR-3D foi de 1093µGy.m2, e de 190µGy.m2 para cada aquisição em AP-2D (p < 0,01). Nos pacientes que pesavam mais de 45 kg (n=7), essa diferença foi menor, mas ainda significativa (1525µGy.m2 versus 413 µGy.m2, p = 0,01). Não houve diferença entre uma AR-3D e três AP-2D (1525µGy.m2 versus1238µGy.m2, p = 0,575) nesta população. Essa diferença foi significativamente maior em pacientes que pesavam menos de 45 kg (n = 9) (713 µGy.m2 versus 81 µGy.m2, p = 0,008), mesmo quando se comparou uma AR-3D com três AP 2D (242µGy.m2, respectivamente, p < 0,008). A AR-3D mostrou-se extremamente útil na avaliação de condutos de corações univentriculares, ramos pulmonares tortuosos e aorta em relação às aquisições em AP-2D. Conclusões: A dose de radiação da AR-3D em nossa instituição foi maior que a anteriormente relatada na literatura, sendo essa diferença mais evidente em crianças. Esse tipo de avaliação é de fundamental importância ...

Un brote epidémico de endocarditis por Pseudomonas aeruginosa secundario a angiografía coronaria / An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infective endocarditis subsequent to coronary angiography

Objectives: To describe an endocarditis outbreak affecting three patients due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection post coronary angiography performed in the Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Medical Center of a private hospital. Methods: After recognition of an infection cluster within a onemonth period, the outbreak was reported to Antalya Department of Health and a broad investigation was initiated in order to determine the most probable cause and/or source of nosocomial pseudomonal endocarditis. Patient data were obtained by medical record review as well as interviews with patients or their next of kin. Thirty-six surveillance samples for P. aeruginosa were collected from various locations within the coronary angiography unit. The outbreak research team reviewed the private hospital's Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Medical Center's infection control procedures. The epidemiology of P. aeruginosa was studied through analysis of phenotypic markers, including antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. Results: The infection control audit revealed multiple breaches of infection control procedures. Only 1/36 environmental samples yielded, which was isolated from a radio-opaque solution within an angiography injector pump. P. aeruginosa from the radio-opaque solution had an identical antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to the strain isolated from patients. Both samples were susceptible to all antipseudomonal agents. This outbreak could have been successfully controlled by instituting combined infection control measures. Conclusions: This outbreak emphasizes the important of adherence to infection control standards and practices for cardiac catheterization, as well as the need for closer collaboration between the Infection Control Committee and coronary angiography personnel.

Objetivos: Describir un brote de endocarditis por Pseudomonas aeruginosa que afectó a tres pacientes tras habérseles efectuado una coronariografía en el Centro Médico de Cardiología y de Cirugía Cardiovascular (CMC-CCV) de un hospital privado. Métodos: Después de reconocer la aparición de un brote en un periodo de un mes, este hecho fue comunicado al Departamento de Salud de Antalya, iniciándose una exhaustiva investigación para precisar la más probable causa y/o fuente de las endocarditis nosocomiales. Se extrajo de los registros médicos los datos clínicos de los pacientes y se efectuaron entrevistas a los pacientes o sus familiares. Se extrajo 36 muestras medioambientales de vigilancia en busca de P. aeruginosa de diversos sitios dentro de la unidad de coronariografía. Un team que investigó el brote revisó los procedimientos en uso para la prevención de infecciones en el CMC-CCV. Se estudió la epidemiología de la P. aeruginosa mediante análisis de su fenotipos, incluyendo el perfil de susceptibilidad in vitro a antimicrobianos. Resultados: La auditoria comprobó el quiebre de diversas normas de control de infecciones. Sólo 1/36 de las muestras ambientales arrojó el cultivo de P. aeruginosa, a partir de una solución de medio radio-opaco dentro de una bomba inyectora empleada en las angiografías. Los aislados de P. aeruginosa desde la solución del medio radio-opaco tenían idéntico patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana que las cepas recuperadas de los pacientes. Ambos tipos de muestras eran susceptibles a todos los antimicrobianos con actividad anti-pseudomonas. El brote pudo evitarse si se hubieran instaurado una serie de medidas de control de infecciones. Conclusiones: Este brote enfatiza la importancia de adherir a los estándares y prácticas de control de infecciones para la cateterización cardiaca, así como la necesidad de una estrecha colaboración entre el Comité de Control de Infecciones y el personal involucrado en el procedimiento de coronariografía.

Effect of renin-angiotensin-system blockers on contrast-medium-induced acute kidney injury after coronary angiography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, angiocardiography using contrast-enhancing media has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic tool, despite the risk of contrast-medium-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI). CIAKI may be exacerbated by renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) blockers, which are also used in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. This study evaluated the effects of RAS blockade on CIAKI after coronary angiography. METHODS: Patients who underwent coronary angiography in our hospital between May 2009 and July 2011 were reviewed. Serum creatinine levels before and after coronary angiography were recorded. CIAKI was diagnosed according to an increase in serum creatinine > 0.5 mg/dL or 25% above baseline. RESULTS: A total of 1,472 subjects were included in this study. Patients taking RAS blockers were older, had a higher baseline creatinine level, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and had received a greater volume of contrast medium. After propensity score matching, no difference was observed between the RAS (+) and RAS (.) groups. Multiple logistic regression identified RAS blockade, age, severe heart failure, contrast volume used, hemoglobin level, and eGFR as predictors of CIAKI. Multiple logistic regression after propensity matching showed that RAS blockade was associated with CIAKI (odds ratio, 1.552; p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the incidence of CIAKI was increased in patients treated with RAS blockers.

The relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with relatively normal serum creatinine

OBJECTIVES: Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study evaluated the value of hyperuricemia for predicting the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with relatively normal serum creatinine who were undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 788 patients with relatively normal baseline serum creatinine (<1.5 mg/dL) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively enrolled and divided into a hyperuricemic group (n = 211) and a normouricemic group (n = 577). Hyperuricemia is defined as a serum uric acid level>7 mg/ dL in males and >6 mg/dL in females. The incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury was significantly higher in the hyperuricemic group than in the normouricemic group (8.1% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality and the need for renal replacement therapy were significantly higher in the hyperuricemic group. According to a multivariate analysis (adjusting for potential confounding factors) the odds ratio for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in the hyperuricemic group was 5.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.99-14.58; p = 0.001) compared with the normouricemic group. The other risk factors for contrast-induced acute kidney injury included age >75 years, emergent percutaneous coronary intervention, diuretic usage and the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump. CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with relatively normal serum creatinine after percutaneous coronary interventions. This observation will help to generate hypotheses for further prospective trials examining the effect of uric acid-lowering therapies for preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Preventive Effect of Pretreatment with Intravenous Nicorandil on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Coronary Angiography (PRINCIPLE Study)

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of pretreatment with intravenous nicorandil on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled multicenter study enrolled a total of 166 patients (nicorandil n=81; control n=85) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate 0.5 mg/dL increase or >25% rise in serum creatinine (SCr) concentration within 48 hours of contrast exposure compared to baseline. RESULTS: The final analysis included 149 patients (nicorandil n=73; control n=76). The baseline characteristics and the total volume of the used contrast (Iodixanol, 125.6+/-69.1 mL vs. 126.9+/-74.6 mL, p=0.916) were similar between the two groups. The incidence of CIN also did not differ between the nicorandil and control groups (6.8% vs. 6.6%, p=0.794). There was no difference between the two groups in the relative change in SCr from baseline to peak level within 48 hours after coronary angiography (-1.58+/-24.07% vs. 0.96+/-17.49%, p=0.464), although the nicorandil group showed less absolute change in SCr than the control group (-0.01+/-0.43 mg/mL vs. 0.02+/-0.31 mg/mL, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic intravenous infusion of nicorandil did not decrease the incidence of CIN in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography.

Transradial access for coronary angiography: a single operator's experience of 500 cases

The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility, success, and safety of the transradial approach [TRA] for diagnostic coronary angiography. Descriptive study. The study was carried out in Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology-National Institute of Heart Diseases [AFIC-NIHD] over a period of ten months from June 2009 to March 2010. We collected data of 500 consecutive patients who underwent coronary catheterization by the transradial approach. Transradial access was performed only if the Alien's test was normal [positive]. Patients with previous CABG or requiring right heart catherization were excluded from this study. Study endpoints included procedure success rate, vascular complications at access site, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events during hospitalization. Mean age of the patients was 52 years [range 33-77 yrs] and 72.8% [n= 364] were men and 27.2% [n=136] were females. The vast majority of cases [98.4%] were elective. The right radial artery was used in 98% of cases. Procedural success was achieved in 90.6% cases [453/500]. No case of vascular complications such as major access site bleeding, vascular perforation, radial artery occlusion, forearm ischemia, compartment syndrome or MACE was observed. Transradial access for coronary angiography is a safe, effective and elegant alternative to transfemoral access

Peduncular hallucinosis in ‘top of the basilar syndrome’: An unusual complication following coronary angiography.

Cerebral thromboembolism is a potential, although rare, complication of coronary angiography. An elderly woman presented with visual hallucinations, features of bilateral third nerve palsy, impaired vertical and horizontal gaze and mild motor weakness of the left upper limb, following diagnostic coronary catheterization. These findings suggested the anatomical location of the lesion to lie in the caudal midbrain, which was confirmed on computed tomography of the brain. Peduncular hallucinosis following cardiac catheterization, to the best of our knowledge, has only been described once in the literature. Awareness of this entity and its clinical presentation is essential for appropriate investigation and management.

How to avoid and manage iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulae?

Iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistula [AVF] is one of the most frequent complications of percutaneous vascular intervention. We report 3 cases of iatrogenic AVF; one followed coronary angiography and stent implantation and the other two followed permcath insertion for hemodialysis. A review of these cases and of the relevant literature showed that most of these iatrogenic AVF originated below the bifurcation of the common female artery [CFA], which indicates that an excessively distal puncture site is a possible anatomic explanation for the formation of iatrogenic AVF. All the cases were managed successfully by open surgery

Non-surgical management of iatrogenic arterial pseudoaneurysms-ultrasound-guided manual compression, an Indian experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided manual compression of arterial pseudoaneurysms formed as a result of various procedures. METHODS: Ultrasound-guided manual compression was performed in 444 patients with ultrasound-diagnosed pseudoaneurysm. These patients were evaluated for number of locules in pseudoaneurysm, size of pseudoaneurysm, total time of compression, number of sittings, success/failure of the procedure, and possible complications. RESULTS: Out of 444 patients, 231 (52%) were on post-coronary angiography (3 via brachial route and rest via femoral route), 212 (47.7%) had post-coronary angioplasty and 1 (0.22%) was post-nailing of fracture of right tibia (pseudoaneurysm of right anterior tibial artery). Out of 444 patients, 132 (29.7%) had hypertension, 45 (10.1%) had diabetes mellitus, 117 (26.3%) had both hypertension and diabetes, and 90 (20.2%) were obese. 384 (86.5%) had unilocular, 51 (11.5%) had bilocular, 6 (1.3%) had trilocular and 3 (0.67%) had tetralocular pseudoaneurysm. Size of pseudoaneurysm varied between 0.8 cm and 8.1 cm (mean 3.3 cm). 342 (77%), 48 (10.8%), 54 (12.1%) required 1, 2 and 3 sittings, respectively for complete closure. The compression time was between 15 and 120 minutes (mean 40 minutes). Successful compression was achieved in 423 (95.3%). There were 21 (4.7%) failures, 12 out of which required surgical repair, 6 had spontaneous closure between 12 and 24 weeks and 3 were lost to follow up at 1 year. Out of 212 post-coronary intervention patients, 9 were on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In 7 of these 9 patients, LMWH was stopped 48 hours before compression and in remaining 2, compression was done during the course of LMWH therapy. The compression was successful in all 9 patients. Only 2 patients had a transient vasovagal attack. CONCLUSIONS: USG manual compression is safe, inexpensive, reliable and effective outpatient procedure for non-surgical management of arterial pseudoaneurysm.

Oclusão da artéria central da retina secundária a cineangiocoronariografia via artéria braquial: relato de caso / Central retinal artery occlusion secondary to brachial cineangiocoronography: case report

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente com insuficiência coronariana que desenvolveu quadro de oclusão de artéria central da retina após ser submetido a cateterização cardíaca por via braquial e realização de cineangiocoronariografia. Este procedimento pode desencadear fenômenos embólicos oculares consistentes com o quadro descrito.

The authors report a case of a patient with coronary insufficiency who developed central retinal artery occlusion following cardiac catheterism through the brachial artery and cineangiocoronography. This procedure can lead to embolic phenomena like that which was reported.

Angiografía coronaria: indicación, resultados y complicaciones en 5.000 pacientes consecutivos / Coronary angiography: indications, results and complications in 5.000 consecutive patients

Background: There are guidelines about equipment, premises, personnel, indications and complications rates for coronary angiography, that every center performing this procedure should adhere. Aim: To report the experience with 5.000 coronary angiographies and to assess the compliance of the center with the current guidelines. Material and methods: Prospective registry of 5.000 patients aged 60±11 years (3.475 males) subjected to coronary angiography since 1992, assessing all aspects of the procedure with special emphasis on complications. Results: The indications for 80 percent of procedures was suspected coronary atherosclerosis. The main risk factors were hypertension and smoking. Coronary atherosclerosis was demonstrated in 62 percent, mainly one vessel disease. These were two deaths due to the procedure (0.04 percent), three patients (0.06 percent) had an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke. These figures are lower than referential values. Conclusions: In this center, coronary angiography is a safe procedure, with complications rates that are even lower than referential values.

Anormalidades cineangiocoronariográficas em pacientes com isquemia miocárdica à cintilografia perfusional e coronárias sem lesões obstrutivas: estudo descritivo / Coronary artery angiograms in patients with positive myocardium scintigram and normal coronary artery angiograms: a descriptive study

Objetivo: Identificar as anormalidades angiográficas encontradas nos pacientes com Cintilografia de Perfusão Miocárdica (CMP) positiva para isquemia, nos quais a Cineangiocoronariografia (CINE) não revelou lesão coronariana obstrutiva. Método: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 105 pacientes, sendo 61 (58%) do sexo feminino e 44 (42%) do masculino. A idade variou de 31 a 78 anos. As anormalidades foram divididas em nove categorias: (1) Circulação Coronária sem lesões obstrutivas (Normal), (2) Circulação Coronária com Tortuosidades, (3) Circulação Coronária com Espasmo, (4) Ponte Miocárdica, (5) Prolapso da Valva Mitral, (6) Circulação Coronária com Afilamento, (7) Anomalia Congênita Coronária - Fístula, (8) Ventrículo esquerdo hipertrófico e (9) Cardiomiopatia Dilatada. Resultados: Foram encontradas 150 anormalidades cineangiocoronariográficas, isoladas ou em associação, assim distribuídas: 98 nas artérias coronárias, 51 no ventrículo esquerdo e uma na valva mitral. Conclusões: Conclui-se que estas anormalidades, quando presentes nos pacientes sem lesões obstrutivas coronarianas, podem ser causa de CPM "falso-positivas".

Objetive: To identify pathologic angiography findings in patients with positive myocardium scintigram and normal coronary artery angiogram. Methods: One hundred and five (105) patients were assessed retrospectively, being 61 females (58%) and 44 males (42%), in the 31-78-year-old range. Abnormalities were divided into 9 categories following angiographic findings: (1) coronary circulation without obstructive lesions; (2) tortuous coronary arteries; (3) coronary circulation with spasm; (4) myocardial bridge, (5) mitral valve prolapse; (6) coronary circulation with diffuse luminal narrowing; (7) coronary fistula; (8) left ventricular hypertrophy; and (9) dilated cardiomyopathy. Results: One hundred fifty (150) angiographic abnormalities were found, either isolatedly or in combination: 98 patients with abnormal coronary findings, 51 with abnormal left ventricle findings, and one abnormal mitral valve finding. Conclusion: In the presence of normal coronary angiograms those abnormalities could be responsible for "false-positive" myocardial scintigrams.

Análise das complicações hospitalares relacionadas ao cateterismo cardíaco / Analysis of in-hospital complications related to cardiac catheterization / Analysis of in-hospital complications related to cardiac catheterization

Introdução: As complicações relacionadas ao cateterismo cardíaco são os principais limitantes desta técnica, e podem variar desde eventos adversos leves e transitórios até eventos graves, como infarto do miocárdio ou morte. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de complicações imediatas do cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico em adultos, conforme um modelo de categorização das complicações em tipo e gravidade. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo em um centro de referência. As características dos pacientes foram registradas, e estes foram acompanhados até a alta hospitalar. As complicações foram categorizadas em nove modalidades: alérgica, isquêmica, vascular, arrítmica, vaso-vagal, pirogênica, neurológica, embólica e congestivas, e estratificadas em leves (intercorrências), moderadas (resolvidas em até 24 horas) ou graves (necessitou internação ou intervenção). Os fatores preditivos de complicações foram identificados por análise multivariada. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1916 indivíduos, sendo 59,4% do sexo masculino e com média de idade de 58,3±11,1 anos. Complicações ocorreram em 175 pacientes (190 eventos), sendo que 62,5% foram intercorrências leves, 24% moderadas e 13,5% graves. Foi registrado apenas um óbito (0,05% dos indivíduos). As complicações vasculares foram as mais incidentes (35,6%), seguidas das vagais (18,3%), isquêmicas (15,4%) e alérgicas (14,4%). Os fatores de risco para complicações pela análise multivariada foram uso de anticoagulante (3,59; 1,67-7,74; p=0,006) e duração prolongada do exame (1,03; 1,02-1,04; p<0,001). Conclusão: As complicações relacionadas ao cateterismo cardíaco são geralmente intercorrências sem gravidade, sendo que as complicações vasculares, reações vagais e isquêmicas foram as mais freqüentes. O uso de anticoagulantes e o tempo de exame prolongado foram os principais fatores preditivos de complicações.

Background: The major limitations of cardiac catheterization are the occurrence of complications related to its invasive nature. Complications can vary from mild and transitory reactions to severe adverse events like myocardial infarction or death. Objective: To assess the incidence, type and severity of complications related to cardiac catheterization in adults using a comprehensive system previously described. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a tertiary reference center, and patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were registered in a dedicated database. Complications were categorized in nine types: allergic, ischemic, vascular, arrythmic, vagal, pyrogenic, neurological, embolic and congestive, and stratified in mild, moderate (resolved in 24 hours) or severe (needed hospitalization or another intervention). The predictive factors of complications were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results: We included 1916 individuals, 59% male and with a mean age of 58±11 years. Complications occurred in 175 patients (190 events), and 63% were mild, 24% moderate e 13% severe. There was one (0.05%) death in the entire cohort. Vascular complications were the most common type (36%), followed by vagal (18%), ischemic (15%) and allergic (14%). Risk factors for complications by multivariate analysis were anticoagulant use (OR=3.59; CI=1.67-7.74; p=0.006) and prolonged examination time (OR=1.03; CI=1.02-1.04; p<0.001). Conclusions: In-hospital complications after cardiac catheterization are generally mild, and the events more commonly presented were vascular, vagal or ischemic. Anticoagulant use and prolonged examination time were independent predictors of complications.